Electronic Government Systems Research Articles

A systematic literature review on the effect of information systems on the performance of government officials

A systematic literature review on the effect of information systems on the performance of government officials

Internal Government Sector Behavior in an Electronic Government System

Internal Government Sector Behavior in an Electronic Government System

Electronic government system measurement model: a systematic testing of e-government implementation

<span>The demands to improve electronic government systems are increasing due to the large gap in the unsuccessful implementation in government. This study aimed to develop a measurement model consisting of policy, governance, and service, resources (usage) variables with their indicators to reduce the gap. <br /> A quantitative method was used with structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis based on partial least square (PLS) variance using SmartPLS version 3.0 software. Data collection for this study involved the direct distribution of questionnaires to 320 respondents, resulting in a successful collection rate of 95.3%. Subsequently, the collected data underwent analysis using the stages of SEM techniques. The results of the study show that the developed measurement models and indicators can be used as measuring tools for the execution of e-government. The developed model exhibits a satisfactory level of predictive relevance concerning the relationships among the variables, namely policy, governance, service, and usage. Furthermore, hypothesis testing was conducted to assess the validity of the proposed hypotheses within the model.</span>

The main features of the public key infrastructure

Trust is the basis of any communication, whether it is built in the physical world or in the digital environment. Establishing trust in the physical world does not pose any particular challenges because communication subjects can identify each other through biometric features, identity card or other identification documents. In the digital environment, a number of difficulties arise for the identification and authentication procedure. The communicating parties do not meet face-to-face and can be at a significant distance from each other. As a result, they cannot identify uniquely and verify each other's identity using the identity verification methods used in the material world. To ensure the security of electronic communications, it is necessary for communication systems to be equipped with technical means of information protection and an additional mechanism that will contribute to the establishment of trust between the parties to the communication. The Public Key Infrastructure is used to solve problems related to trust, authentication, identity, and security on a network. A digital certificate is a fundamental element for establishing trust in the digital world. It plays a crucial role in ensuring security and identification on the Internet and when working with electronic resources. The Public Key Infrastructure is a trusted system used to ensure the security and privacy of information across networks and platforms. This system is based on public key cryptography. It implements the management of public keys and digital certificates of various entities, such as companies, corporations, organizations, individuals, websites, servers, etc. The Public Key Infrastructure is widely deployed in government portals and systems. It is used in the electronic government system to guarantee the transparency of the provision of electronic services and to ensure the security of communication links between authorities and society. The Public Key Infrastructure represents a multifaceted structure that includes a set of standards, technologies, and procedures for managing, storing, and distributing keys and digital certificates. A certificate authority is a key component of a public key infrastructure and is an independent third party that manages digital certificates. Various technical and cryptographic means of information security are used in the Public Key Infrastructure, such as digital signatures, encryption, hash functions, hardware security modules, key management software, etc. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the main features and aspects of public key infrastructure.

Electronic Governance System Implementation and Its Influence on Public Secondary School Management: A Case Study of Meru District, Tanzania

This study aimed to assess the application of electronic governance systems and their influence on the governance of public secondary schools in Meru district. The following were the objectives: determine the extent of applicability of electronic governance systems in school management and their influence on the management of public secondary schools, and to investigate the challenges faced by heads of schools in executing electronic governance systems. Theory of acceptance and use of technology developed by Venkatesh guided the study. Convergent mixed design was adopted, targeting 72 participants, including 44 school heads, 26 WEOs, DSEO and DITO. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Questionnaires, observation checklists, and interview guides used to collect data were validated through the use of experts. Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the reliability of instruments yielding satisfactory results of HoSQ =0.78 and WEOsQ = 0.82. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis coding to identify patterns and themesData were analyzed using tables, frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and thematic coding. The findings indicated a positive trend in the application of electronic governance systems in public secondary schools’ management. In conclusion, despite the challenges, electronic governance systems are still applied in the management of public secondary schools in Meru district. Recommendations were made for heads of schools to address the identified challenges, for ward education officers to provide support and guidance, and for policy makers and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology to formulate policies and allocate resources to promote the application of electronic governance systems in schools.

Аспект збалансованості при реалізації принципу відкритості і прозорості інституту державної служби: питання «кіберсуверенізації»

The article is devoted to the definition of aspects of balance in the implementation of the principle of openness and transparency of the civil service institute, as well as consideration of this issue in the context of the challenges of the information society, in particular, in relation to "cyber-sovereignization". The principle of openness and transparency includes a number of aspects so that it is equally ensured both in the election and inter-election periods, at the stage of normative design, decision-making and its implementation. It is motivated by the fact that the crisis of political and legal reality, military actions, attacks on the electronic government system creates the need to determine the limits of openness and accessibility of the activities of public authorities. In the context of "cybersovereignization" it is stated that the idea of imposing sovereignty on the Internet, that is, the distribution and control of information resources within the territorial integrity of a state is often considered technically impossible, but recent studies have shown that specialized governments can change the routing and data flows according to national preferences if they want to have the political will and resources for it. It is indicated that when implementing the process of the principle of openness and transparency in the civil service institute, it is important to achieve a balance between ensuring citizens' access to information and preserving confidentiality and security. An important aspect is the establishment of clear procedures and standards for the processing and disclosure of information that take into account the regulatory framework and the specifics of the work of civil servants. At the same time, it is necessary to provide the public with access to key information about the institute's activities, including decision-making and execution of tasks, ensuring the openness of intellectual property, a high level of trust in state institutions and increasing the efficiency of their functioning. At the same time, it should be concluded that some information may be limited to review due to its confidential nature or may affect the security of the state, such cases require reasonable measures to restrict access to information. In general, balance in the implementation of the principle of openness and transparency in the civil service institute is a factor for ensuring the effectiveness of management and trust in the power structures.

Implementation of Electronic Governance Systems as a Tool for Establishing Effec-tive Society-State Communication

In the modern world, electronic governance systems are tools for the easy access to information and its practical usage. The basis for their adoption is the vision of productive communication between state and citizen. The systems are aimed to strengthen democratic institutions and develop civil society by ensuring human rights and freedoms. Nevertheless, modern tendencies are accompanied with new challenges. In parallel with the process of digitalization, we encounter a set of problems related to information security such as issues of cybersecurity, non-reliable information, etc. From the other side, digitalization brings an antidemocratic discourse on the implementation of the right of citizens’ equal participation, the access and usage of all the necessary information and service portals, the functioning of sources which present public good and difficulties on proper feedback provision. This work discusses the importance of electronic governance systems in Armenia in establishing society-state constructive communication and the main achievements and challenges on the way of their adaptation. Nevertheless, modern tendencies accompanied with new challenges. In parallel with the process of digitalization, we encounter a set of problems related to information security such as issues of cybersecurity, non-reliable information, etc. From the other side, digitalization brings an antidemocratic discourse on the implementation of the right of citizens’ equal participation, the access and usage of all the necessary information and services portals, the functioning of sources which present public good and difficulties on proper feedback provision. This work discusses the importance of electronic governance systems in Armenia in establishing society-state constructive communication and the main achievements and challenges on the way of their adaptation.

LEGO: Linked electronic government ontology

E-government services are subject to a growing level of complexity, which requires a disruptive approach that better support the citizen needs concerning the government administration. Nowadays, available information technologies facilitate the description and online execution of administrative tasks, saving time and reducing possible errors. These technologies reduce administrative costs but require a complex electronic government system. We propose using semantic technologies to describe the e-government organisational units and services in the Open Government Data and Services context. The use of semantics improves government management, service delivery and decision-making processes. This article presents an extension of related work, introducing the evolution of the Ontology for Electronic Government (EGO): integrating other existing ontologies, supporting new features to describe e-government services and widening the usage scenarios. This extension enables the use in a real scenario with four use cases: the electronic government in the Province of Misiones (Argentina). However, the use in the domain of electronic government in a provincial context is also a proof of concept that this approach is general enough to expand into superior domains of countries that adopt the republican system of government with the division of government into the executive, legislative and judicial branches.

Online security in e-government as an antecedent of cost-effectiveness and quality in business operations

PurposeThe Colombian Government launched an e-government initiative in 2008 to facilitate communication among the government, citizens and organizations. Considering the high level of mistrust of citizens and businesses toward governmental institutions, the government must ensure the security of the information handled and provided by online users. Results to date have not been adequate in the usage of e-government systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the level of online security affects usage and impacts the cost-effectiveness and quality of the operations and, consequently, the operational effectiveness of organizations using e-government systems.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling was used to analyze the antecedents and outcomes of operational effectiveness. To this end, 440 usable questionnaires were collected from managers and personnel from Colombian organizations using e-government systems.FindingsAccording to the findings, there is a positive predictive relationship between online security and the dimensions of electronic government effectiveness. Furthermore, neither online security nor any of the dimensions of electronic government effectiveness affect the operational costs of organizations. Nonetheless, the quality of information has a positive effect on the quality of operations. As a result, through the quality of the information, online security has an indirect impact on the quality of operations.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used a convenience sample, carefully selecting respondents based on their operations and practice knowledge and implementation of online security processes. Besides, compared to previous research conducted in developed nations, the sample size is relatively small. Because the survey is based on responses from official companies, it must also be taken into account that over 50% of Colombian labor is informal. Furthermore, Colombia is a nation with a high level of mistrust. When considering these factors, generalizability to all industrial sectors is questionable. Nevertheless, the findings of this study offer relevant information that indicates the need for more extended and comprehensive quantitative research.Practical implicationsImprovements in organizations that use e-government systems, based on the benefits that high-quality information brings to operational performance – cost and quality – will help them survive and become more sustainable and competitive. Furthermore, this study supports the assertion that aspects like online security are critical in promoting information and communication technology uptake and user acceptance in transition and rising economies like Colombia.Originality/valueThere is still a scarcity of information on assessing the effectiveness of electronic government systems and their impact on the quality and cost of operations in organizations that use them. Additionally, Colombia, as a country with low levels of trust between citizens, organizations and government, still lacks information about the impact of online security on the effectiveness of its operations.

DESIGN MODEL FOR ADAPTATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE SINGLE SUBMISSION WITH PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0

In today's Industry 4.0 era, government institutions responsible for providing licensing services in Indonesia face a unique challenge of balancing the demands for expedited service provision while maintaining a high standard of information security and privacy. The success in this endeavor is dependent upon the leadership, coordination, competence, and performance of human resources (HR) within these institutions. The objective of this study is to design a model for the adaptation of HR management and information security strategies in the implementation of online single submission (OSS) systems for business licensing, in accordance with Industry 4.0 principles. The research employs a qualitative methodology utilizing the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) approach. Data was collected through interviews. The SSM analysis yielded a design model for the adaptation of HR management in the implementation of OSS systems. This model is a novel contribution of the study and comprises an integrated approach of four different HR management models which describes the strategies of leadership, coordination, competence and performance of HR in the implementation of OSS systems based on Industry 4.0 principles. The signicance of this research lies in providing recommendations for the improvement of HR management and information security strategies in the implementation of OSS systems for business licensing in government institutions, as per Industry 4.0 principles, thereby supporting the role of these institutions in Electronic Government Systems (SPBE).

The “SIKAWAN” Cloud Mail System Application in Rural Indonesia

As new technologies are developed, nearly every sector in Indonesia have decided to migrate from manual to digital service delivery. Using an electronic-based governance system is one of them. The Office System Application in the Cloud (SIKAWAN) is developed by this electronic government system. Banyuwangi Regency has implemented SIKAWAN in rural areas. This study's objective is to learn more about the design and operation of the SIKAWAN application. A descriptive methodology and qualitative research techniques are used in this study. The findings of this study indicate that a skilled operator is needed to implement the SIKAWAN application. On the other hand, regular assessments of the effectiveness of the system's implementation by the village government apparatus also contribute to the system’s success.

A Secure and Privacy-Preserving E-Government Framework Using Blockchain and Artificial Immunity

Electronic Government (e-Government) systems constantly provide greater services to people, businesses, organisations, and societies by offering more information, opportunities, and platforms with the support of advances in information and communications technologies. This usually results in increased system complexity and sensitivity, necessitating stricter security and privacy-protection measures. The majority of the existing e-Government systems are centralised, making them vulnerable to privacy and security threats, in addition to suffering from a single point of failure. This study proposes a decentralised e-Government framework with integrated threat detection features to address the aforementioned challenges. In particular, the privacy and security of the proposed e-Government system are realised by the encryption, validation, and immutable mechanisms provided by Blockchain. The insider and external threats associated with blockchain transactions are minimised by the employment of an artificial immune system, which effectively protects the integrity of the Blockchain. The proposed e-Government system was validated and evaluated by using the framework of Ethereum Visualisations of Interactive, Blockchain, Extended Simulations (i.e. eVIBES simulator) with two publicly available datasets. The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed framework in that it can mitigate insider and external threats in e-Government systems whilst simultaneously preserving the privacy of information.

Challenges Facing Coherent Digitization of Government Processes Across All Policy Areas and Levels of Government to Enhance Efficient Public Service Delivery in Kenya.

Goal 17.14 of the Sustainable Development Goals emphasizes the need for all countries to strengthen policy coherence for sustainable development to adopt a unified digital strategy. The second section of the PCSD framework consists of ideas for enhancing existing coherence mechanisms. To do so, it is essential to recognize the benefits of joint efforts and the necessity to eliminate institutional and policy incoherence. According to this research, a centralized electronic government system that coordinates financial and technological choices would be favorable across all policy domains. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the most significant obstacles limiting Kenyas efforts to fully digitalize its government operations across all sectors and levels of government to enhance the effectiveness of public service delivery. Although there is consensus on the positive effects of incorporating ICT into delivering public services, governments in less developed countries encounter obstacles in e-development. This research explores some significant barriers to executing e-Government programs in less developed nations. The paper focuses heavily on Kenya and evaluates the feasibility of implementing some of its ideas there. E-Government has also become a fundamental element of good contemporary governance, ensuring that governments execute their obligations as efficiently as possible globally. Utilizing responsible, adaptable, and upgradable technology, e-Government can provide services that are effective, transparent, citizen-centric, user-friendly, and accessible 24/7. The governments capacity to be held responsible, efficient, and successful in both the public and commercial sectors strengthens when they adopt cutting-edge technological solutions. Most people feel that properly adopting e-Government services will result in many positive developments that will benefit both the government and the people. The study aimed to identify the hurdles that must be overcome before Kenya can launch its E-government initiative. In addition, the research aimed to achieve the following specific objectives: to determine how key stakeholders from different levels of government could collaborate to improve public service delivery to determine how current monitoring, analysis, and reporting mechanisms impact the efficiency with which public services are provided and learn how the implementation of proper organizational and governance frameworks for consistent digitalization increases the efficiency of public service delivery. Specifically, A descriptive research method and a field survey of a cross-section of government agencies were used to compile the data presented in this study. The engaged departments and ministries were Education, Agriculture and Livestock, Finance, Lands, Devolution, and Health. Using questionnaires, we collected primary data from employees of these ministries central offices. The results were analyzed and interpreted using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In the study, descriptive statistics, including percentages and frequency distributions, were used. The data analysis aimed to grasp the results of the 2021 survey of Kenyan Ministries. Survey questionnaires were used to obtain data. Data processing and analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS. Based on the gathered data, researchers were able to classify the hurdles of e-governance into four categories: technological (4.12 mean score), organizational (3.92), financial (3.67), and social (3.51). According to the research, the implementation of the E-government project in Kenya faces obstacles associated with information-sharing policy barriers, such as legalistic obstruction to the flow of information, unauthorized access by a subset of employees, prohibited access by members of the general public, fear of breaching confidentiality, and a lack of innovation in secure information-sharing within Government agencies. There is a lack of government commitment to developing an ICT policy to guide Ministries in developing their e-government infrastructure, slow procurement processes, low prioritization of ICT development within Ministries, awareness of e-Government, and a lack of innovation in ICT development within Ministries.

Validation of an Integrated IS Success Model in the Study of E-Government

Electronic government (E-government) systems are becoming an integral component of government service delivery systems. Because of the rapid growth of Internet and Information System (IS) technologies in Malaysia, E-government systems are becoming more and more necessary. This study examined user attitudes, usage intensions, and satisfaction with E-government systems using the Information System (IS) success model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study deployed a questionnaire to 714 E-government users. The questionnaire results were analysed using the structural equation model (SEM). This study found that E-government perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were strongly influenced by IS success model constructs and perceived trust. This study also found that user attitudes, usage intensions, and satisfaction were strongly influenced by TAM factors.

Attitude of Citizens Towards e-Government Services in Digital Bangladesh

Fast-paced development in information technology and related services has significantly raised social standards, particularly in terms of meeting the needs of citizens. By digitizing public service providing process or developing an electronic government system, governments are taking advantage of this inevitable technological development while also ensuring citizen’s satisfaction and long-term use by them. Efforts are being made in countries all over the world to ameliorate e-governance and provide public services through online. Despite the importance of investigating the continuous usage behavior of e-services provided by the government, user experiences and satisfaction with government provided e-services from citizens’ perspectives are still unaddressed in the current literature. Hence, this study investigates the key predictors of user experiences, citizen satisfaction, continuance usage of government provided e-services, and intention to recommend the technology by integrating two relevant theoretical models: Technology Continuance Theory (TCT) and Information system (IS) success model. Also, this research model is extended toincorporate another two relevant constructs ofgovernment provided e-services’ continuous usage: privacy risk and user experiences. For collecting data, 459 Bangladeshi citizens were surveyed who have already received government provided e-services, which helped the researchers to test the conceptual model. Collected data was interpreted by using partial least squares Structural Equation Modeling (SME).SEM has become increasingly popular in information systems research, but it has yet to be generally adopted and employed in e-government service research. In this research, it was an aim to shed some insight on the well-known issue of poor utilization of government provided e-services, particularly transactional services, among citizens.Findings of this study confirm the hypothesis that the suggested model had strong predictive ability, since it clarified 58.8% variance in citizen satisfaction and 61.68% variance in ongoing use of government provided e-services.

Digital Government Stage Evaluation in Population and Civil Registry Office (Disdukcapil) of Kutai Kartanegara Regency

Recent developments show scholars argue that when electronic government systems reach certain stages, they will develop into Digital Government. However, studies on Digital Government evaluation, especially in the Indonesian context, are still few. With that in mind, this article aims to describe the maturity of the digital government system in the Population and Civil Registry Office (Disdukcapil) of the Kutai Kartanegara Regency. It is based on the assumption that Disdukcapil has successfully implemented electronic government, as proven by their multiple recognitions and can be considered at the digital government stage. Field observation and in-depth interviews with key informants are employed to collect the relevant data. All the data are then analyzed qualitatively, and then it uses digital government evolution variables developed by Janowski (2015) to determine the stage of Disdukcapil digital government. The result shows that within a four-stage maturity level, the digital government of Disdukcapil of Kutai Kartanegara Regency has reached the third stage, based on the fulfilment of each stage's variables. It is hoped that this study can contribute to Digital Government studies in Indonesia

IT Service Management Intelligence Model to Support the Implementation of Electronic Government System (EGS) in Indonesia

Government institutions operate in a diverse environment that includes a wide range of issues such as social, economic, political, cultural, and other related issues. This fact eventually leads to various challenges and problems related to public services. The state of the existing resources and the management mechanisms affect the quality of services. These conditions require a comprehensive approach to the government's system. Electronic Government System (EGS) architecture is developed to provide guidelines in synchronizing and integrating applications employed by central or regional government agencies. The purpose of EGS service management is to guarantee sustainability and improve the quality of EGS Services to EGS users. The development of smart and holistic service applications can be a starting point in achieving a quality service system, including the government system, a system of service management that involves various elements holistically. This research aims to propose an Information Technology Services Management Intelligence model to support the implementation of EGS. This model approach is based on a holistic view of an environment in delivering public information technology services. It is also based on ITSM and Intelligent Systems, including architecture, alignment, and adaptability. The proposed model assists developers in defining conceptual needs of information technology services based on business perspectives to create intelligent systems that can dynamically predict and meet their needs.

E-government based on the blockchain technology, and the evaluation of its transaction through the number of transactions completed per second

Blockchain technology is one of the basic technologies for securing data sharing and storage across peer-to-peer systems in a distributed and untrusted network. Information is stored in electronic governance, which is considered sensitive data about citizens and companies and is the focus of external attacks. E-government has one point of failure and depends on centralization, and the decision is in the hands of one party or one official. Therefore, a secure and distributed electronic system for e-governance based on blockchain technology has been proposed. The system consists of several entities, organizations or nodes responsible for consensus to make decisions. Users are given the right to raise a transaction or send a request. The transaction is evaluated by auditors, and the citizen acquires a smart contract as a way out. The proposed system was compared with electronic governance systems without the use of blockchain technology. The proposed system was tested and compared with the previous systems, and it was found that the proposed system was superior in terms of security, the speed of processing the transaction and the time of filing the transaction.

Web-Based Land Registration Management System: Iraq/Duhok Case Study

In this era, technology is playing a central role in many areas of human life, but the classical hardcopy-based approaches are still being used for land registration. The Internet-based methods provide excellent facilities for overcoming the drawbacks of handwritten-based style and communication among different government sectors. Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is used to build professional electronic systems as a big step towards the electronic government (E-government) system. One of the most critical sections of the E-government is the E-Land-Registration (ELR). Duhok Land Directorate, together with its sub-directorates, works on a considerable amount of data to process. These directorates suffer from classical hardcopy-based approaches, so building an ELR system will reduce time consumption and paper waste. The improvement of the land registration system will also allow integration with the E-government system. The progress of the land registration will enable communication between the land registration staff on one side and the administration and financial directorates on the other. In this thesis, an efficient ELR system for Duhok land registration is proposed. The services of the database management system cover the Employee Registration Module, Estates Registration Module, Operation Type Module, Estate Owners Module, Estate Status Module, View Information Module, and Login Employee Module. HTML, CSS, PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax, and Bootstrap tools were used for the design and implementation stages of the proposed ELR.

Optimization of Land Resource Information Management System Based on Internet of Things

The business process model of information management is also optimized, while helping the relevant departments using the system to improve their work efficiency. After research and analysis, this paper shows that the land resource information management system can be divided into four functional modules, which are basic land resource information management, land resource land use approval management, official document information management, and office business management, and these modules can effectively complete the work related to land resource management. The full and reasonable use and protection of land resources can ensure the implementation of sustainable development policies, and the development of land resource management is the basic requirement of national modernization and the inevitable trend in the country, and because land resource management covers a large amount of information involving a wide range of information, including information within the scope of work, it is very necessary to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of land resources and information. The information system can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of land resources and information. Information system can effectively improve the development, management, research, and use of land resources; electronic government system can help land resources to obtain accurate analysis and research and detailed access to the ability to understand the status of resources, in the daily changing data information dynamic understanding of the development of information changes, and grasp the latest trends in land resources, the trend of analysis, and monitoring of market resources, to provide customers with reliable decision support. It is a powerful background data guarantee for customers to provide reliable decision support.